3.2 | Phylogenetic relationship
ML phylogeny was constructed on 29,875 SNPs after filtering out of invariant sites, using 650 bootstrap replicates, as suggested by the MRE-based bootstopping-criterion. Overall, the tree was consistent with results from the clustering analyses, despite weak bootstrap support throughout the topology (Figure 4). Interestingly, the entire introduced range did not fall out as a single clade; instead, introduced populations arose throughout different branches of the tree. Furthermore, all invasive populations fall out as at least two (Canada and Bahamas) or three different clades (France and Chile). This result also suggests that different introduced populations arose from separate introduction events out of the native range, and that there were several introduction events in most invasive populations.