3.2 | Phylogenetic relationship
ML phylogeny was constructed on 29,875 SNPs after filtering out of
invariant sites, using 650 bootstrap replicates, as suggested by the
MRE-based bootstopping-criterion. Overall, the tree was consistent with
results from the clustering analyses, despite weak bootstrap support
throughout the topology (Figure 4). Interestingly, the entire introduced
range did not fall out as a single clade; instead, introduced
populations arose throughout different branches of the tree.
Furthermore, all invasive populations fall out as at least two (Canada
and Bahamas) or three different clades (France and Chile). This result
also suggests that different introduced populations arose from separate
introduction events out of the native range, and that there were several
introduction events in most invasive populations.