Methodology
Informed consents were obtained from the mothers who were the primary care givers for the young athletes enrolled in the current study. Each athlete was subjected to detailed history taking laying stress on their compliance during the lock down period and any family illnesses or deaths witnessed. History of their daily sleeping hours, screen time and video gaming were obtained in details. Their anthropometric measurements were taken in July 2020, mainly weight and height with calculation of their body mass index (BMI) and the values were plotted against the growth charts [4, 5] . The measurements were compared to the ones recorded in March 2020 during their last training session before the COVID 19 lockdown. Two questionnaires were filled by each of the enrolled athlete. The first one covered their sleep habits [6] and the second was concerned with their quality of life (QoL) [7, 8] . Finally, the mothers were asked to fill in a questionnaire concerned with depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21). The mothers were also asked whether their sons experienced any tics during their home lockdown period.
The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was utilized in the present study. It is a structured interview to assess sleep problems in school children. The questionnaire consists of 33 items covering eight domains or parameters: bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration, sleep-related anxiety problems, sleep-related breathing disorder, as well as excessive daytime somnolence. It was originally developed by [6] .
Regarding the QoL the current study applied the multidimensional PedsQL 4.0 questionnaire created by Varni and his associates to measure the essential core domains for pediatric health related quality of life (HRQoL): Physical functioning, emotional functioning, and social functioning, as delineated by the World Health Organization, as well as school functioning [7, 8] .
The Arabic version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used in the current study and it is based on the original English DASS-21 [9] . It is a set of three self-report scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Each of the three DASS-21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content. The depression scale assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, self-deprecation, lack of interest / involvement, anhedonia and inertia. The anxiety scale assesses autonomic arousal, skeletal muscle effects, situational anxiety, and subjective experience of anxious affect. The stress scale is sensitive to levels of chronic nonspecific arousal. It assesses difficulty relaxing, nervous arousal, and being easily upset / agitated, irritable / over-reactive and impatient. Scores for depression, anxiety and stress are calculated by summing the scores for the relevant items.