Study, Year | Study type | Calcium Channel Blocker | Groups | Follow-up | Conclusion |
Broadman et al. Sample size=60 199613 |
Case control
|
Diltiazem 240 mg daily
|
a) N=28 with CB b) N=28 no CB |
Mean 3-months
|
No difference in terms of patency rate between the two groups
|
Acar et al3 Sample size=50 1998 |
Case control
|
Diltiazem 250 mg daily
|
a) N=27 with CB b) N=23 no CB |
4/7-years
|
No differences in terms of graft failure
|
Possati et al.14 Sample size=68 1998 |
Case-control
|
Diltiazem 120 mg twice a day
|
After the 1 year those without scintigraphic or angiographic evidence of RA territory ischemia assigned to: a) N=29 continued CB b) N=31 suspended CB |
5-years
|
No differences in RA graft status could be shown between groups who
continued or suspended therapy with calcium channel blockers after 1
year.
|
Arena et al Sample size=50 200016 |
RCT
|
Nifedipine 40 daily for 6 months post-op
|
a) N=26 with CB b) N=24 no CB |
16-24 months
|
No difference in terms of patency rate between the two groups
|
Shapira et al.17 Sample size=161 2000 |
RCT
|
Diltiazem and GTN
|
a) N=77 patients with diltiazem infusion for 24 h and daily for 6 months thereafter n=77 b) N= 84 patients with GTN infusion for 24 h and daily nitrate therapy for 6 months thereafter. |
6-months
|
Major in-hospital and follow-up clinical end points (mortality, major
morbidity, myocardial infarction, use of inotropic agents, the need for
cardiac catheterization, and reintervention) similar between the study
groups
|
Gaudino et al. 18 Sample size=120 2001 |
RCT
|
Diltiazem 120 mg/day
|
a) N=57 patients suspended CB after 1 year b) N=63 patients with chronic CB use |
5 -year
|
No difference in graft patency, graft reactivity, myocardial ischemia or
clinical outcomes
|
Moran et al.21 Sample size=115 2001 |
Case-control
|
Diltiazem 1 μg/kg/min intraoperatively then 180 mg/day for 1 year
|
a) N=63 patients with CB b) N=52 patients with no CB |
1-year
|
The degree of the native coronary artery stenosis influenced the patency
rate of RA, independent of the CB
|
Possati et al.15 Sample size=90 2003 |
Case-control
|
Diltiazem 120 mg daily
|
After 1 year, a) N=51 patients stopped CB b) N=49 patients on CB |
105±9 months
|
No differences in graft patency between two groups
|
Cameron et al.22 Sample size=50 2004 |
Case-control
|
Diltiazem / amlodipine / verapamil /nifedipine
|
a) N=37 with CB b) N=23 no CB |
5-years
|
No correlation found between CB usage and angiographic patency
|
Gaudino et al.19 Sample size=100 2005 |
RCT
|
Diltiazem 120 mg daily
|
a) N=53 patients with CB early regimen b) N=47 patients with no CB |
1-year
|
No difference graft patency / reactivity / ischemia
|
Radial Artery Patency Study23 Sample size=440 2006 | RCT Post-hoc analysis |
Nifedipine for 6 months post-op
|
a) N=419 patients with compliance to CB b) N=21 patients with no compliance to CB |
1-year
|
The incidence of string sign (RA spasm) was not affected by the
compliance with the prescribed CB.
|
Radial Artery Database International ALliance24 Sample size=732 2019 | RCT Post-hoc analysis |
Diltiazem / amlodipine
|
a) N=502 patients with CB B) N=230 patients with no CB |
Median angiographic follow-up 55 months
|
CB therapy was found to be consistently associated with a significant
lower risk of MACE and RA graft occlusion
|
CB: Calcium-channel blocker. MACE: Major adverse cardiac events. RCT: randomized controlled trial. | CB: Calcium-channel blocker. MACE: Major adverse cardiac events. RCT: randomized controlled trial. | CB: Calcium-channel blocker. MACE: Major adverse cardiac events. RCT: randomized controlled trial. | CB: Calcium-channel blocker. MACE: Major adverse cardiac events. RCT: randomized controlled trial. | CB: Calcium-channel blocker. MACE: Major adverse cardiac events. RCT: randomized controlled trial. | CB: Calcium-channel blocker. MACE: Major adverse cardiac events. RCT: randomized controlled trial. |