Participants population, Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Participants without CVD from Jindingjie community health service centers will be recruited by their site-specific responsible physicians.
Subjects aged 40 or above, without coronary heart disease, stroke or peripheral artery disease, with written informed consent will be included; subjects with liver disease (hepatic jaundice, cirrhosis or liver failure), chronic kidney disease (eGFR<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2), mental disorders or cognitive disorders, with any other factors that the researcher thinks are not suitable for the study such as non-local residents or life expectancy less than one year will be excluded.