Results
Five participants (two cases and three controls) did not include in the
analyses due to poor response to FFQ, and finally 120 participants (60
cases and 60 controls) included in final. The participant
characteristics across the tertiles of PRAL and NEAP are shown inTable 1 . It was observed that by increasing the score of PRAL,
the BMI (P = 0.03) and physical activity (P = 0.04) of individuals
decreased. Through tertiles of NEAP, the number of antihypertensive drug
users were significantly increased (P = 0.02) and higher education level
was associated with decreased NEAP score (P = 0.04). In addition, there
was a direct association between the tertiles of both NEAP (P =0.01) and
PRAL (P = 0.003) and the age of participants. Table 2 presents
the mean intake of food groups and nutrients across the tertiles of PRAL
and NEAP. It shows that higher PRAL (P= <0.001) and NEAP (P=
<0.001) scores were significantly associated with higher
dietary protein intake. Moreover, higher PRAL and NEAP scores were
significantly associated with greater vitamin B3 (PRAL; p= 0.003, NEAP;
p= 0.002), vitamin B12 (PRAL; p= 0.001, NEAP; p= 0.001), zinc (PRAL; p=
0.01, NEAP; p= 0.01), grains (PRAL; p= 0.01, NEAP; p= 0.02),
fish/poultry (PRAL; p= <0.001, NEAP; p= 0.002) and
red/processed meats (PRAL; p= <0.001, NEAP; p=
<0.001) intake. However, increased PRAL and NEAP scores were
significantly associated with lower dietary fiber (PRAL; p=
<0.001, NEAP; p= <0.001), vitamin A (PRAL; p= 0.01,
NEAP; p= 0.04) , vitamin E (PRAL; p= <0.001, NEAP; p=
<0.001), vitamin K (PRAL; p= <0.001, NEAP;
p=<0.001), vitamin C (PRAL; p= <0.001, NEAP;
p=<0.001), vitamin B6 (PRAL; p= 0.01, NEAP; p=0.02), vitamin
B9 (PRAL; p= <0.001, NEAP; p= <0.001), potassium
(PRAL; p= <0.001, NEAP; p=<0.001), calcium (PRAL; p=
<0.001, NEAP; p=<0.001), magnesium (PRAL; p=
<0.001, NEAP; p=<0.001), fruits (PRAL; p=
<0.001, NEAP; p=<0.001) and vegetables (PRAL; p=
<0.001, NEAP; p= <0.001). Additionally, higher NEAP
score was linked with less total fat intake (p=<0.001) and
higher PRAL score was associated with less intake of phosphorous (p=
0.04) and dairy (p= 0.21). The odds ratios (OR) of PC according to
tertiles of PRAL and NEAP are presented in Table 3 . Our crude
results manifested that being in the third compared to the first
tertiles of PRAL (OR=5.44; 95% CI= (2.09-14.17)) or NEAP (OR=4.88; 95%
CI= (2.22-13.41)) increased the risk of PC. Moreover, after adjusting
for potential confounders (energy intake, smoking, physical activity,
ethnicity, job, education, anti-hyperlipidemic drugs, antihypertensive
drugs, and aspirin), being in the third compared to the first tertiles
of PRAL (OR=3.42; 95% CI= (1.11-8.65)) or NEAP (OR=3.88; 95% CI=
(1.26-9.55)) was significantly associated with increased risk of PC.