Search Strategy
All articles on echocardiography methods for evaluating LV chamber stiffness or myocardial stiffness were computer searched. The study was medically searched through PubMed, Web of science, combining the terms ”cardiac echocardiography, left ventricular stiffness, left ventricular chamber stiffness, myocardial stiffness”. In addition, a follow-up search of all references listed in the article was performed to find other relevant articles. Any other relevant literature was also identified by the citation tracker.