Data are presented as frequency (%) and mean with standard
deviation.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
*Asthma-related medication included inhaled corticosteroid (32%),
long-acting β2 agonist (19.1%), short-acting β2 agonist (34.8%), and
leukotriene receptor antagonist (35.7%).
TABLE 2. The effects of asthma and its coexisting respiratory
comorbidities on mortality in patients with asthma compared with
subjects without asthma