3.5 Identification of DEGs among different developmental stages from winged or wingless M. dirhodum
For the transcriptome analysis of the different developmental stages of wingless M. dirhodum , 55 DEGs were detected between third- and fourth-instar nymphs (WW3/WW4), including 12 upregulated and 43 downregulated genes in third-instar nymphs compared to fourth-instar individuals. Thirty-three DEGs were detected between fourth-instar nymphs and adults (WW4/WWC), of which 30 genes were upregulated and 3 were downregulated in fourth-instar nymphs compared to adults. A total of 231 DEGs were detected between the wingless third-instar nymphs and adults (WW3/WWC), including 129 upregulated and 102 downregulated genes in the third-instar nymphs, compared to the adults (Fig. 5A, Table S5). Among them, 39 genes were differentially expressed in both the WW3/WW4 and WW4/WWC groups, 28 genes were differentially expressed in both the WW3/WWC and WW4/WWC groups, and no differentially expressed genes were found in either the WW3/WWC or WW3/WW4 groups (Fig. 5A, Table S5).
For the transcriptome analysis of the different developmental stages of winged M. dirhodum , 134 DEGs were detected between the third- and fourth-instar nymphs (WY3/WY4), including 22 upregulated and 112 downregulated genes in the third-instar nymphs compared to the fourth-instar individuals. A total of 334 DEGs were detected between fourth-instar nymphs and adults (WY4/WYC), including 289 upregulated and 45 downregulated genes in the fourth-instar nymphs, compared to adults. A total of 692 DEGs were detected between the third-instar nymphs and adults (WY3/WYC), including 320 upregulated and 372 downregulated genes in the third-instar nymphs, compared to winged adults (Fig. 5B, Table S6). Among them, 66 genes were differentially expressed in both the WY3/WY4 and WY3/WYC groups, 61 genes were differentially expressed in both the WY3/WY4 and WY4/WYC groups, 141 genes were differentially expressed in both the WY3/WYC and WY4/WYC groups, and 13 genes were differentially expressed in all three comparison groups (WY3/WY4, WY4/WYC and WY3/WYC) (Fig. 5B, Table S6). All these DEGs might be related to the development and metamorphosis of M. dirhodum .