2.9 | Statistical analysis
Continuous data with a normal distribution are presented as mean ±
standard error of the mean (SEM). Ranked data or data that failed to
follow a normal distribution are presented as medians with interquartile
range. For within-group comparison, a paired Student t-test was used to
compare cardiopulmonary data between preinjury and immediately post
injury. For between-group comparison, one-way analysis of variance
followed by post hoc Student–Newman–Keuls test was performed for the
comparison continuous variables, and the Kruskal–Wallis test followed
by pairwise comparison was conducted for the comparison of lung injury
scores among the five study groups. Statistical significance was defined
as p value less than 0.05. Two-tailed p values of less than 0.05 were
considered statistically significant for all analyses. All data
management and analyses were performed using Statistical Package for
Social Science version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).