Introduction
Respiratory problems, such as wheezing and cough, are a common complication of preterm birth [1]. Numerous studies have identified environmental, host, and treatment factors associate with both increased and decreased risk of wheezing in preterm infants and children after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Although wheezing in preterm children overlaps with pediatric asthma, it is clear that mechanisms of wheezing other than asthma contribute to this problem. Despite the large volume of data demonstrating the substantial morbidity imposed on preterm children by wheezing, there is a paucity of high-quality evidence to guide the treatment and prevention of wheezing in preterm children with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). In this article, we will review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of wheezing in preterm infants and children and the data on treatment in this patient population.