The patients’ Characteristics
We interviewed a total of 275 patients with PCR- confirmed COVID-19 infection. Five patients were excluded (three patients aged less than 18 years, two patients reported previous history of OD). Of 270 patients, 250 patients (88%) were hospitalized with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Only 20 patients (12%) reported mild symptoms and they were not hospitalized. The majority were in the age group 36-45 (30 %). The median age was 43 years, 198 (73.3%) were male. Most of our participants 177 (65.6 %) were Saudi (Table 1).