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\begin{document}

\title{Multiple resource limitation of plants and its consequences for
herbivores and their impacts}



\author[1]{Neha Mohanbabu}%
\author[2]{Mark Ritchie}%
\affil[1]{Syracuse University College of Arts and Sciences}%
\affil[2]{Syracuse University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 04, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Substantial evidence suggests plants and herbivores are limited by
multiple resources but their role in driving plant-herbivore
interactions is still poorly understood. Here we model multiple resource
limitation of plants and herbivores and derive analytical solutions for
steady-state plant biomass, herbivore biomass and herbivore impact. The
model predicts ``apparent'' limitation of herbivore biomass by resources
that otherwise do not limit herbivore growth. Consequently, higher
supply of plant-growth limiting resources allows herbivores to persist
at lower supplies of herbivore growth-limiting resources. Likewise,
increased supply of these non-limiting resources to herbivores can
dramatically increase herbivore impacts on plants. Additionally, the
outcomes of herbivore exclusion experiments should differ along
different resource gradients, depending on herbivore response to plant
resource concentrations. Analysis of existing and new data from marine,
freshwater and terrestrial systems supports several of these
predictions. Our analysis expands ecologists' understanding of
plant-herbivore dynamics to accommodate multiple limiting resources.%
\end{abstract}%



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