Abbreviations
WISP-1: WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1; LF: ligamentum
flavum; LSCS: lumbar spinal canal stinosis; LDH: lumbar disc herniation;
ECM: extracellular matrix; a-SMA: alpha-smooth muscle actin; MT:
Masson’s trichrome; EVG: Elastic van gieson.