Safety test of CSL-gel
The toxicity test of pesticides on aquatic organisms is an important measure strategy for the safety evaluation of pesticides[34]. Our previous studies showed that the LC50 of LNT to crucian carp at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h was about 1.6, 0.8, 0.4, and 0.4 mg/mL, respectively37. To evaluate the CSL-gel safety, the number of deaths of crucian carp was examined in the water immersed with series of numbers of CSL-gel at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h. The pure tap water was used as a negative control. As shown inTable 4 , no dead crucian carp was observed in the CSL-treated water with LNT concentration lower than 336 mg as well as in the water control. However, dead crucian carp was observed at 48 h in the water treated with 400 pieces of CSL-gel with an LNT concentration at 336 mg, indicating that CSL-gel maintained a relatively high safety to environmental organisms.