Transformation of Arabidopsis with pCCA1::LUC+
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Gv3101) transformed with appropriate constructs (Ti plasmid: pPCVH containing LUC+ ; helper plasmid: pM90RK; CCA1:luc binary vector), a gift from A. Millar (University of Edinburgh) were inoculated into 5 ml Luria Bertani cultures containing gentamycin (25 µg ml-1) and ampicillin (50 µg ml-1) two days before transformation. After cultures were left overnight at 30 °C, 2.5 ml was sub-cultured into a 50 ml culture, and then grown at 30 °C overnight. The culture was generously painted onto whole plants (leaves, secondary stems and inflorescences) with an autoclaved paintbrush. Plants were covered in a cling film tent for two days to increase humidity.