Author Country Age* n Follow up (year) Cases Exposure Exposure assessment Outcome Comparison ES (95% CI)** Adjustment
Lim et al. 2017
Australia
>70
F: 1055
10
142
Total fluid Plain water
beverage intake questionnaire
CVD mortality
Per one cup
HR: 0.98 (0.93-1.03) HR: 1.02 (0.95-1.10)
1,5
Lim et al. 2017
Australia
>70
F: 1055
10
362
Total fluid Plain water
life style questionnaire
All-cause mortality
Per one cup
HR: 0.98 (0.95-1.01) HR: 0.99 (0.95-1.04)
1,5
Chan et al. 2002
USA
>38
F: 12017
6
118
Plain water Fluids other than water
life style questionnaire
CVD mortality
T3 vs. T1
RR: 0.52 (0.27-1.03) RR:3.32 (1.18-9.30)
1,5,6,7,9,10,11,13
Chan et al. 2002
USA
38
M: 8280
6
128
Plain water Fluids other than water
life style questionnaire
CVD mortality
T3 vs. T1
RR: 0.39 (0.22-0.67) RR: 1.34 (0.59-3.04)
1,5,6,7,9,10,11,13
Cui et al. 2018 Japan 40-79 F: 35362 19.1 1707 Total water FFQ, self-reported CVD mortality Q5 vs. Q1 HR: 0.79 (0.66-0.95) 1,5,7,8,9,10,11,
Cui et al. 2018 Japan 40-79 M: 22939 19.1 1637 Total water FFQ, self-reported CVD mortality Q5 vs. Q1 HR: 0.88 (0.72-1.07) 1.5.7.8.9.10.11
Palmer et al. 2014 Australia >49 M/F: 3858 13.1 547 Total fluid FFQ, self-reported CVD mortality Q4 vs. Q1 HR: 0.91 (0.70-1.19) 1,6,10
Palmer et al. 2014 Australia >49 M/F: 3858 13.1 547 Total fluid FFQ, self-reported All-cause mortality Q4 vs. Q1 HR: 0.91 (0.68-1.21) 1,6,10
Wu et al. 2016 USA >20 2128 15.4 473 Total fluid 24-h recall, interview CVD mortality (non-CKD) Q4 vs. Q1 HR: 0.98 (0.75-1.28) 1,2,3,4,5,11
Wu et al. 2016
USA
>20
2182
15.4
473
Total fluid
24-h recall
CVD mortality (non CKD)
Q4 vs. Q1
HR: 1.00 (0.76-1.30)
1,2,3,4,5,11
Leurs et al. 2010
Netherland
55-69
F: 2958
10
537
Total fluid Plain water
FFQ, self-reported
IHD mortality
Q4 vs. Q1
HR: 1.04 (0.67-1.61) HR: 0.70 (0.37-1.34)
1,7,11
Leurs et al. 2010
Netherland
55-69
M: 3509
10
1252
Total fluid Plain water
FFQ, self-reported
IHD mortality
Q4 vs. Q1
HR: 1.03 (0.73-1.47) HR: 1.33 (0.76-2.36)
1,7,11
Leurs et al. 2010
Netherland
55-69
F: 2958
10
291
Total fluid Plain water
FFQ, self-reported
Stroke mortality
Q4 vs. Q1
HR: 0.60 (0.31-1.15) HR: 0.49 (0.19-1.24)
1,7,11
Leurs et al. 2010
Netherland
55-69
M: 3509
10
417
Total fluid. Plain water
FFQ, self-reported
Stroke mortality
Q4 vs. Q1
HR: 0.77 (0.45-1.30) HR: 0.85 (0.31-2.29)
1,7,11
Kant et al. 2017
USA
>25
F: 12660
10
3032
Total water Plain water
24-h recall- interview
All-cause mortality
Q4 vs. Q1
HR: 1.15 (0.96-1.39) HR: 0.98 (0.83, 1.14)
3,4,5,8,11
Kant et al. 2017
USA
>25
M: 12050
10
3504
Total water Plain water
24-h recall- interview
All-cause mortality
Q4 vs. Q1
HR: 1.24 (1.09-1.42) HR: 1.15 (1.00, 1.33)
3,4,5,8,11