Legend to figure(s)
Figure 1: Flow diagram of study selection
Figure 2 : Forest plot for the association between total water
intake and risk of all-cause mortality in adults aged >18
years, expressed as the comparison between the highest and lowest
categories of total water intake. Horizontal lines represent 95% CIs.
Diamonds represent the pooled estimates from the random-effects
analysis. ES: effect size, CI: confidence interval
Figure 3: Forest plot for the association between drinking
water intake and risk of all-cause mortality in adults aged
>18 years, expressed as the comparison between the highest
and lowest categories of total water intake. Horizontal lines represent
95% CIs. Diamonds represent the pooled estimates from the
random-effects analysis. ES: effect size, CI: confidence interval
Figure 4 : Forest plot for the association between total water
intake and risk of CVD mortality in adults aged >18 years,
expressed as the comparison between the highest and lowest categories of
total water intake. Horizontal lines represent 95% CIs. Diamonds
represent the pooled estimates from the random-effects analysis. CVD:
cardiovascular disease, ES: effect size, CI: confidence interval
Figure 5: Non-linear dose-response association of total water
intake (based on cup/day) with risk of mortality from all-cause in
adults aged ≥18 years. Total water intake was modeled with restricted
cubic splines in a multivariate random-effects dose-response model.
Dotted line indicates the linear model. Solid line indicates the spline
model. Dashed line presents the 95% CI. CVD: cardiovascular disease,
ES: effect size, CI: confidence interval
Figure 6: Non-linear dose-response association of total water
intake (based on cup/day) with risk of mortality from CVD mortality in
adults aged ≥18 years. Total water intake was modeled with restricted
cubic splines in a multivariate random-effects dose-response model.
Dotted line indicates the linear model. Solid line indicates the spline
model. Dashed line presents the 95% CI. CVD: cardiovascular disease,
ES: effect size, CI: confidence interval
Table 1: Characteristics of included cohort studies on the association
between fluid intake and mortality in adults aged >18 years