Legend to figure(s)
Figure 1: Flow diagram of study selection
Figure 2 : Forest plot for the association between total water intake and risk of all-cause mortality in adults aged >18 years, expressed as the comparison between the highest and lowest categories of total water intake. Horizontal lines represent 95% CIs. Diamonds represent the pooled estimates from the random-effects analysis. ES: effect size, CI: confidence interval
Figure 3: Forest plot for the association between drinking water intake and risk of all-cause mortality in adults aged >18 years, expressed as the comparison between the highest and lowest categories of total water intake. Horizontal lines represent 95% CIs. Diamonds represent the pooled estimates from the random-effects analysis. ES: effect size, CI: confidence interval
Figure 4 : Forest plot for the association between total water intake and risk of CVD mortality in adults aged >18 years, expressed as the comparison between the highest and lowest categories of total water intake. Horizontal lines represent 95% CIs. Diamonds represent the pooled estimates from the random-effects analysis. CVD: cardiovascular disease, ES: effect size, CI: confidence interval
Figure 5: Non-linear dose-response association of total water intake (based on cup/day) with risk of mortality from all-cause in adults aged ≥18 years. Total water intake was modeled with restricted cubic splines in a multivariate random-effects dose-response model. Dotted line indicates the linear model. Solid line indicates the spline model. Dashed line presents the 95% CI. CVD: cardiovascular disease, ES: effect size, CI: confidence interval
Figure 6: Non-linear dose-response association of total water intake (based on cup/day) with risk of mortality from CVD mortality in adults aged ≥18 years. Total water intake was modeled with restricted cubic splines in a multivariate random-effects dose-response model. Dotted line indicates the linear model. Solid line indicates the spline model. Dashed line presents the 95% CI. CVD: cardiovascular disease, ES: effect size, CI: confidence interval
Table 1: Characteristics of included cohort studies on the association between fluid intake and mortality in adults aged >18 years