Introduction :
The transverse vaginal septum or vaginal septum is a rare abnormality of
the female genital tract with an incidence of between 1/2100 and
1/72001. The most common etiology is a defect in the
fusion and/or channelling of the urogenital sinus and Mullerian
conductors2. The transverse vaginal septum can develop
anywhere in the vagina, and its most common locations are in the lower
part of the vagina according to the latest publications, so 72% of the
septums are in the lower part of the vagina, 22% in the central part
and 6% in the upper part of the vagina3. These septa
are usually no more than 1 cm thick and usually have an eccentric
perforation which allows for vaginal discharge. These structural
obstacles can completely obstruct the vagina and can cause haematocolpos
associated with cyclic pelvic pain shortly after menarche in adolescent
girls. Haematocolpos is defined as an accumulation of menstrual blood in
the vaginal cavity4. The diagnosis of a vaginal septum
is based on a careful clinical gynaecological examination and especially
on ultrasound scan via the abdomen or transrectal or even transperineal
ultrasound and in more complex cases an MRI scan. The treatment is
surgical and should be carried out as early as possible, as its
management after puberty is associated with a high rate of vaginal
stenosis5.