Figure 3 Piercing and sucking behaviors of the hibiscus-specialized
lineage (HI) of Aphis gossypii cultured on fresh (fre) and downy
mildew pre-infected (infe) cucumber leaf for the first generation (F1).
E2 waveform represents phloem sap (nutrient-rich food of aphid)
ingestion phase. Vertical whiskers attached to the boxes indicate min
and max values; means were pairwise compared by Mann Whitney test;N CO_fre_F1=18;N CO_infe_F1=11;N CU_fre_F1=11.