Figure 2 Body development of the hibiscus-specialized lineage (HI) ofAphis gossypii cultured on fresh and downy mildew pre-infected cucumber leaf. A, body length; B, body wide; C and D, adult morphology of HI cultured on fresh and pre-infected cucumber leaf for the first generation; E and F, adult morphology of HI cultured on fresh and pre-infected cucumber leaf for the third generation; G and H, adult morphology of ‘HI who had feeding experience on pre-infected cucumber for two generations’ and ‘the cucumber-specialized lineage (CU)’ cultured on fresh cucumber. Vertical whiskers attached to the boxes indicate min and max values; p -values were significances of paired comparison in Mann-Whitney U test (N =30). Vertical lines on the photos indicate 1 mm.