2.2 | Data collection
All researchers have participated in training course of qualitative method. An interview guide (Table 1) focused on the experience of self-referral and treatment decision was developed for the patient interview. Another interview guide (Table 2 )for nephrologists was written and the questions on self-referral care, dialysis decision meeting and the determinants of RRT decision. Both guides were modified until reaching formal guides in accordance with experts’ suggestion and feedback. All interviewed were conducted by one researcher (Gao Y J). Participants were interviewed in private room. Due to geographical and temporal restriction, a telephone interview was used for several nephrologists.