Variable Pooled data Range Included studies (N)
Total patient number 5227 50 - 421 31
Surgical period 1992 - 2014 30
Mean age 65.4 years 47 – 73 years 30
Gender Male 67.6% 30 – 85% 31
Etiology Valve pathology 18
Aortic stenosis 49.8% 3 – 100%
Aortic regurgitation 37.7% 0 – 92%
Stenosis & regurgitation 17.9%
Connective tissue disease 2.9% 0 – 32% 13
Bicuspid aortic valve 28.0% 0 – 42.6% 14
Prior surgery Cardiac 14.2% 0 – 39% 23
Other indications Acute type A dissection 7.2% 0 – 24% 20
Acute endocarditis 9.1% 1 – 11% 9
Valve type Stentless 99.7% 95 – 100% 23
Stented 92.8% 84 – 100% 5
Mixed 50% 50 – 50% 2
Concomitant procedures Aortic hemiarch repair 18.2% 0 – 44% 19
Aortic arch repair 5.9% 3 – 21% 19
CABG 28.9% 0 – 44% 19
Mitral valve surgery 3.3% 0 – 17% 19
Re-exploration for bleeding 10.8% 1 – 28% 14
Early mortality 5.5% 0 – 16% 31
Causes of early mortality * Low cardiac output 22.7% 1 – 44%
Multi-organ failure Hemorrhage
18.1% 7.5% 13 – 100% 0 – 13%
Sepsis Myocardial infarction 5.0% 4.0% 6 – 25% 0 – 100%
Unknown / unreported 9.6% 10 – 55%