Patients
We included 25 patients, aged 0-21 years with diffuse midline gliomas who had been treated in the Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles (CHLA) between September 2000 and December 2012. These patients had citrate levels measured and recorded in an Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved database. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively for demographic and clinical data including; the date of diagnosis, diagnosis, extent of resection, treatments received, date of progression, cause of death and duration of survival, and data was collected and recorded using a predesigned proforma. Citrate levels and Crammer-Rao Lower Bounds measurements (CRLB) were obtained from the previously recorded data in the IRB approved database. The CHLA IRB approved the study.