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\begin{document}

\title{Abundant Late-Stage Andraditic Garnet in Actively Serpentinizing Mantle
Rocks in Oman and its Implications for Microbial Habitability}



\author[1]{Spencer Zeigler}%
\affil[1]{University of Colorado Boulder}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Drilling by the Oman Drilling Project provided a unique opportunity to
access partially-serpentinized harzburgite and dunite. These are in
contact with alkaline fluids in a subsurface environment that support a
microbial ecosystem. In concert with studies of the rock-hosted
microbial community, we are characterizing the mineralogy and petrology
of the serpentinized mantle rocks that host this ecosystem. Samples of
whole-round core were collected and preserved every 10 m from 3
boreholes and split into paired subsamples for microbiology and mineral
characterization. Thin sections were analyzed with a petrographic
microscope to complete mineral abundance estimations and interpret
textural relationships. Raman spectroscopy was conducted on the thin
sections to reveal structural/compositional data about mineral phases.
Powders were prepared for XRD analysis for quantitative phase
identification. The main rock types are altered harzburgite and dunite,
and altered veins of gabbro or pyroxenite occur at certain depths. All
of the cores have experienced multiple episodes of serpentinization. The
observed mineral assemblages include relict olivine, pyroxene and
abundant secondary serpentine, brucite, iron sulfide and
andradite-grossular garnet. The assemblages are generally expected from
partial serpentinization of peridotite, but the widespread distribution
of garnet was particularly surprising. Over 50\% of the samples
contained sufficient garnet to be detected by XRD. Optical and Raman
analyses show that garnet occurs in many textural contexts, notably
inside mm-scale, late-stage serpentine veins. Andradite garnet in
serpentine veins similar to those found here are likely to have formed
during serpentinization at temperatures below \textasciitilde{}200\selectlanguage{ngerman}°C
{[}1,2{]}. Incorporating Fe3+ into the andradite component could
facilitate H2 production, a potent energy source for microbial
metabolisms {[}2{]}. Its high abundance may provide key insights into H2
production and habitability during late-stage serpentinization of the
Oman ophiolite. {[}1{]} Ménez et al. (2018) LITHOS DOI:
10.1016/j.lithos.2018.07.022 {[}2{]} Plümper et al. (2014) Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta 141 (454-471).%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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