Risk Predictors
AD groups N (%) AD groups N (%) AD groups N (%)
Caries (dmfs) at 3-years (N=656)
Caries (dmfs) at 3-years (N=656)
Moderate-to-severe AD (SCORAD≥25) [N=14] Mild AD (0<SCORAD<25) [N=47] Non-AD [N=776]
Mean ± SD
Median (IQR)
Ethnicity Ethnicity Ethnicity Ethnicity Ethnicity Ethnicity
Chinese 11 (79) 30 (64) 441 (56.9) 2.5 ± 5.0 0 (0,3)
Malay 0 (0) 14 (30) 197 (25.4) 3.3 ± 9.0 0 (0,4)
Indian 3 (21) 3 (6) 137 (17.7) 1.0 ± 1.9 0 (0,1.7)
Mother’s education Mother’s education Mother’s education Mother’s education Mother’s education Mother’s education
Pre-university & above 13 (93) 35 (74) 457 (59.4) 1.9 ± 3.5 0 (0,2)
Secondary & below 1 (7) 12 (26) 312 (40.6) 3.4 ± 8.5 0 (0,4)
Monthly household income Monthly household income Monthly household income Monthly household income Monthly household income Monthly household income
0-1999 SGD 1 (8) 8 (18) 108 (14.8) 3.5 ± 6.1 1 (0,5)
2000-3999 SGD 1 (8) 14 (33) 213 (29.1) 2.8 ± 6.4 0 (0,2)
4000-5999 SGD 4 (30) 6 (14) 188 (25.7) 2.0 ± 3.5 0 (0,3)
>6000 SGD 7 (54) 15 (35) 222 (30.4) 1.8 ± 3.5 0 (0,2)
Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure
Yes 3 (21) 13 (29) 277 (37.4) 3.0 ± 8.0 0 (0,3)
No 11 (79) 32 (71) 463 (62.6) 2.1 ± 4.8 0 (0,2)
Child’s gender Child’s gender Child’s gender Child’s gender Child’s gender Child’s gender
Female 8 (57) 27 (57) 363 (46.8) 2.6 ± 7.4 0 (0,2)
Male 6 (43) 20 (43) 413 (53.2) 2.3 ± 4.6 0 (0,3)
Child’s daily frequency of sweet snack intake by 2-years Child’s daily frequency of sweet snack intake by 2-years Child’s daily frequency of sweet snack intake by 2-years Child’s daily frequency of sweet snack intake by 2-years Child’s daily frequency of sweet snack intake by 2-years Child’s daily frequency of sweet snack intake by 2-years
Twice or more 11 (78.6) 20 (50) 298 (43.7) 3.0 ± 7.8 0 (0,4)
Once or none 3 (21.4) 20 (50) 384 (56.3) 2.2 ± 4.6 0 (0,2)
Child’s daily frequency of tooth brushing by 2-years Child’s daily frequency of tooth brushing by 2-years Child’s daily frequency of tooth brushing by 2-years Child’s daily frequency of tooth brushing by 2-years Child’s daily frequency of tooth brushing by 2-years Child’s daily frequency of tooth brushing by 2-years
Twice or more 8 (57.1) 23 (57.5) 359 (52.6) 2.8 ± 7.3 0 (0,2)
Once or none 6 (42.9) 17 (42.5) 324 (47.4) 2.3 ± 4.9 0 (0,3)
Duration of breastfeeding (in months) Duration of breastfeeding (in months) Duration of breastfeeding (in months) Duration of breastfeeding (in months)
Mean ± SD 8.6 ± 10.3 7.1 ± 8.8 5.9 ± 7.9
SCORAD scoresa SCORAD scoresa SCORAD scoresa SCORAD scoresa
Mean ± SD 37.8 ± 12.7 17.2 ± 4.6 N.A.
Caries (dmfs) at 3-years Caries (dmfs) at 3-years Caries (dmfs) at 3-years Caries (dmfs) at 3-years
Mean ± SD 5.4 ± 4.6 b 2.2 ± 4.1 2.4 ± 5.1
Median (IQR) 7 (1 to 10) 0 (0 to 3.2) 0 (0 to 2)