Major findings
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the
feasibility and efficacy of LV-LP guided by Inner-Cath without
Outer-Cath as a first-line methodology in CRT implantation. The study
results demonstrated that LV-LP guided by Inner-Cath alone was
successful in over 95% of the patients undergoing de novo or
upgrade CRT implantation without severe complications. The Inner-Cath
group had shorter total procedure time and less procedure-related
complications. In particular, mechanical CS injury during CS cannulation
caused by the guiding catheters was only observed in the Outer-Cath
group. Consequently, we consider LV-LP guided by Inner-Cath alone to be
safer and more effective compared with conventional methods that use
Outer-Cath.