CRT device implantation
Device leads of the CRT system were inserted through sheaths placed in the right or left subclavian vein under fluoroscopy. Right ventricular and right atrial leads were fixed in the conventional positions inde-novo CRT implantations. An LV lead was selectively positioned in one of the CS tributaries. A pulse generator was implanted in the left or right precordial area. The CRT device implantation or upgrade procedures were performed under mild or moderate sedation with local and intravenous anesthetics.