Conclusion
Urology residents in Turkey are refraining from being involved in
operations where fluoroscopy is used. Urology residents training in
university hospitals are more avoid of radiation exposure than their
colleagues in training and research hospitals and tend to apply these
operations with methods that do not use fluoroscopy whenever possible.
The awareness of urology residents (especially the residents in training
and research hospitals) about the effects of radiation exposure and
methods of protection should be increased.