Assessment of dietary intake and Physical Activity
Using the 24-hour recalls : participants asked to remember all of the foods and drinks they have consumed on the previous day. The values listed for each meal are converted to grams and consumed grams as well as energy intake calculated based on Home-Scale Guide, for each individual. PA determined by using a validated Physical Activity Questionnaire consists of 28 items designed by Persian Cohort. According to the questionnaire instructions, the metabolic equivalent (MET) calculated based on units per hour per day. We classified participants into two groups based on the mean MET rates of participants (38.6 METs/hour/day), less than 38.6 METs/hour/day defined as low activity levels.