Measurement of anthropometric parameters and blood
pressure
All the anthropometric measurements were taken while the participants
are wearing only light clothes. Height measured without shoes to the
nearest 0.1 cm. Weight, BMI, and body composition were examined using
bio-impedance analysis (InBody770, Biospance Co., Ltd. Seoul, Korea).
Waist Circumference (WC) at the umbilicus in a standing position was
measured directly on the skin to the nearest 0.1 cm with a flexible
tape, without any pressure to the body surface. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)
calculated by dividing WC by the hip circumference. Waist-to-height
ratio (WHtR) calculated as the WC (cm) divided by the height (cm). Neck
circumference (NC) was measured using a flexible tape at the lower
margin of the thyroid cartilage with head erect and eyes facing forward.
A body shape index (ABSI) and body roundness index (BRI) was calculated
using the following formulas (16, 17):
ABSI =\(\frac{\text{WC}}{(\text{BMI}^{\frac{2}{3}}\ \times\ {h\text{eig}ht}^{\frac{1}{2}})}\)
BRI = 364.2 365.5\(\times\ \sqrt{1\ -\ \frac{{(\frac{\text{WC}}{2\ \pi})}^{2}}{{(0.5\ \times h\text{eig}ht}^{)2}}}\)
After 15 minutes rest, blood pressure was measured and recorded twice
using a standard sphygmomanometer.