In this issue of the Journal, My and co-workers, in a single center experience, report the comparison between two ablation modalities for atrial fibrillation (AF), namely pulse field ablation (PFA) and radiofrequency balloon ablation (RFB) in terms of acute extensive area of lesion (1). Moreover, they also provide information about the release of biomolecules as expression of the entity of cardiac tissue injury. The study finds that PFA promotes larger acute lesion areas and higher troponin release upon successful PVI than multi-electrode radiofrequency balloon-based PVI

We acknowledge the advent of novel technologies in the last few years featuring several devices which incorporate different energy sources and catheter design for ensuring an effective PVI. The authors have elected two prominent technologies for their investigation, such as the non-thermal ablation modality based on pulsed field ablation (also defined as “electroporation”) and radiofrequency balloon-based catheter. The adoption of such technologies aims at simplifying PVI procedures, improving efficacy, reducing procedure time, and increasing safety.