8. Conclusions
Enhanced inflammatory response in the form of connective tissue sheaths that surround the leads and their cardiac and vascular binding sites very significantly affect the degree of TLE complexity, its efficacy defined as clinical, procedural and radiological success and the occurrence of major complications. Careful preoperative TEE evaluation of the consequences of extended lead implant duration (enhanced fibrotic response) by means of preoperative transesophageal echocardiography increases the probability of predicting the level of TLE complexity, its efficacy defined by clinical, procedural and radiological success and the risk of major complications associated with TLE.
Acknowledgements: We would like to thank all doctors participated in transvenous leads extraction procedures
Funding: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Disclosures: Authors declared none conflict of interest