Screening and study population
Overall, 256 consecutive patients who underwent EIVM in a single center and had at least 6-months’ post-ablation follow-up were screened for repeated CA procedures. We included consecutive patients who underwent repeated CA for recurrent AT after EIVM. At the index procedure (EIVM), patients were referred for EIVM for persistent AF (initial or redo procedure) or post-AF LA flutter. EIVM was not performed if a bidirectional block at the MI was documented during LA mapping.