Major findings
The major findings of the present study were: (1) Most AF patients had minimum to mild LVAs using the HDG (HD wave solution) regardless of an enlarged LAD and LA volume. (2) There were no significant differences in the max and mean DF values and %NP after the PVI between the patients with and without recurrent AF/AT. (3) The LVAs, regardless of a minimum to mild extent, were significantly indicated to be greater in the patients with recurrent AF/AT than in those without. (4) The number of high-DFs sites overlapping with LVAs was significantly greater in patients with recurrent AF/AT than in those without. (5) The atrial arrythmia freedom off AADs after the PVI was significantly lower in the patients with high-DF sites overlapping with LVAs than in those without during 11.6±0.8 months of follow-up.