Frequencies and Phase mapping Analysis
According to the frequencies and phase mapping analysis, all mapping sites (n=835, 11.4 sites per patient) were divided into 4 types (Table 3 ). However, there were no significant differences among the 4 types between the patients with and without recurrent AF (Table 2 ). The max-DF value and max-%NP per patient were 6.7±0.9 Hz and 65±11 % after the PVI, respectively. There were no significant differences between the patients with and without recurrent AF in the max-DF value, max-%NP, mean DF value, and mean %NP (Table 2 ). The number of high-DF sites≧7Hz in the LA was 2.4±3.7 per patient after the PVI, and the number of %NPs≧50% was 9.1±4.7 per patient after the PVI (Table 2 ). A %NP≧50% and high-DF sites≧7Hz were frequently identified in the inferior and anterior regions of the LA, respectively (Figure 1A ).