Patients (n=180) Controls (n=240) χ2 test p value
n (%) n (%)
Age ≥65 years ˂65 years 136 (75.6) 44 (24.4) 180 (75.0) 60 (25.0)
0.803
Education ≥university high school & college 43 (23.9) 137 (76.1) 52 (21.9) 185 (78.1)
0.642
Marital status married others 163 (90.5) 17 (9.5) 205 (86.1) 33 (13.9)
0.198
Family history of PCa* Yes No 30 (16.6) 150 (83.4) 31 (13.3) 203 (86.7)
0.348
Smoking Former or current Never 54 (30.0) 126 (70.0) 81 (29.8) 167 (70.2)
0.982
Alcohol Former or current Never 27 (15.0) 153 (85.0) 22 (9.2) 216 (90.8)
0.098
Vitamin D supplement Yes No 2 (1.1) 178 (98.9) 11 (4.6) 227 (95.4)
0.072***
Preoperative PSA** level ≥10 ng/mL ˂10 ng/mL 139 (77.2) 41 (22.7) 109 (47.6) 120 (52.4)
˂0.001