Participants
180 male patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma were included in the study, and those with a previous diagnosis of cancer in another body part were excluded. Individuals with either the usual digital rectal examination or remarkable digital rectal examination findings but benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) which is histologically confirmed without malignancy were included in the control group. The control group consisted of 240 male individuals whose ages were the same as the patients.