Box 1: Glossary of terms
Additive effect: the combined effect of stressors is equal to the sum of each stressor alone (i.e. no statistical interaction)
Antagonistic effect: the combined effect of stressors is less than what would be predicted under an additive model
Cross-susceptibility: where the physiological response to/effect of one stressor increases the susceptibility to another stressor
Cross-tolerance: where the physiological response to/effect of one stressor increases the tolerance to another stressor
Co-tolerance: arises when species display correlated tolerances to multiple stressors at the community level (negative co-tolerance when tolerances are not correlated).
Cue : sensory information in the environment that indicates the presence or strength of a particular stressor.
Escape: A discrete, costly means by which to reduce stressor exposure. Draws energy from a reserve pool.
Escape in Time: (EIT) Accomplishes escape by substantially reducing activity, metabolism and energy assimilation.
Escape in Space: (EIS) Accomplishes escape by means of dispersal to a new location.
Physiological Response: A short-term response to one or more stressors involving immediate energy allocation to physiological functions.
Stressor: any environmental factor that has a negative effect on an organism’s fitness through reduced growth, survivorship or reproduction
Synergistic effect: the combined effect of stressors is greater than what would be predicted under an additive model