Box 1: Glossary of terms
Additive effect: the combined effect of stressors is equal to
the sum of each stressor alone (i.e. no statistical interaction)
Antagonistic effect: the combined effect of stressors is less
than what would be predicted under an additive model
Cross-susceptibility: where the physiological response
to/effect of one stressor increases the susceptibility to another
stressor
Cross-tolerance: where the physiological response to/effect of
one stressor increases the tolerance to another stressor
Co-tolerance: arises when species display correlated tolerances
to multiple stressors at the community level (negative co-tolerance when
tolerances are not correlated).
Cue : sensory information in the environment that indicates the
presence or strength of a particular stressor.
Escape: A discrete, costly means by which to reduce stressor
exposure. Draws energy from a reserve pool.
Escape in Time: (EIT) Accomplishes escape by substantially
reducing activity, metabolism and energy assimilation.
Escape in Space: (EIS) Accomplishes escape by means of
dispersal to a new location.
Physiological Response: A short-term response to one or more
stressors involving immediate energy allocation to physiological
functions.
Stressor: any environmental factor that has a negative effect
on an organism’s fitness through reduced growth, survivorship or
reproduction
Synergistic effect: the combined effect of stressors is greater
than what would be predicted under an additive model