History of asthma in the parents a
|
8 (9.5%) |
41
(11.6%) |
0.240 |
Maternal history of smoking during pregnancy a
|
14
(16.5%) |
32 (9.0%) |
0.050 |
Maternal history of active smokinga
|
17 (20.0%) |
40
(11.3%) |
0.046* |
Paternal history of active smoking a
|
52 (61.2%) |
228 (64.2%) |
0.617 |
Maternal education levelb
|
|
|
0.414 |
Illiterate
|
6 (7.1%)
|
15 (4.2%)
|
|
Literate
|
1 (1.2%)
|
5 (1.4%)
|
|
Elementary school graduate
|
35 (41.2%)
|
119 (33.5%)
|
|
Middle school graduate
|
20 (% 23.5)
|
112 (% 31.5)
|
|
High school graduate
|
18 (21.2%)
|
71 (20.0%)
|
|
University graduate
|
5 (5.9%)
|
33 (9.3%)
|
|
Paternal education levelb
|
|
|
0.028* |
Illiterate
|
4 (4.7%)
|
6 (1.7%)
|
|
Literate
|
-
|
2 (0.6%)
|
|
Elementary school graduate
|
28 (32.9%)
|
101 (28.5%)
|
|
Middle school graduate
|
14 (16.5%)
|
107 (30.1%)
|
|
High school graduate
|
28 (32.9%)
|
80 (22.5%)
|
|
University graduate
|
11 (12.9%)
|
59 (16.6%)
|
|
Being the family’s only childa
|
11 (12.9%) |
94
(26.5%) |
0.010* |
Number of individuals in the householdc
|
5.55±2.00
(3-12) |
5.00±1.75 (3-15) |
0.011* |
Place of residence (urban/rural)a
|
66/19 |
27/84 |
0.887 |
Type of home (self-contained house/apartment)a
|
59/26 |
228/127 |
0.379 |
Type of heating (natural gas/stove)a
|
23/62 |
125/230 |
0.162 |