Study population
We retrospectively reviewed 921 patients included on the active HD list
at a single large academic center. Of these patients, we identified 22
patients with a CIED, and specific HD schedule for each patient was
recorded. Patients were aged 25 to 82 years, and included both men and
women. We also systematically selected 22 age- and sex-matched patients
with a CIED not on HD to serve as controls. Patients on peritoneal
dialysis (PD) were excluded. For all patients, we recorded demographic,
comorbidity, medication, laboratory, and echocardiographic data by
retrospective chart review. For HD patients, we also documented ESRD
etiology and HD start date. This study was approved by the Institutional
Committee on Human Research at the University of Virginia Health System.