Introduction
In the latest European Association of Urology (EAU), a considerable significance is given to methods of endourological treatments as they are more commonly practiced in recent years(1). Semi-rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy (SULL) is successfully performed in clinical practice. Though urinary tract infections ranging in clinical severity from fever to severe urosepsis are the most common complication after endourological stone surgery despite adequate perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (2,3). As stated in EAU and American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines, preoperative bladder urine culture (PBUC) or urine microscopy should be taken before endourological treatment procedures; yet the timing of PBUC prior to surgery was not specified (1,4).
In countries with a high prevalence of urinary tract stones, long waiting times for elective stone surgeries are evident in tertiary health care facilities. This lengthens the duration between PBUC and surgical procedures.
In this review, we aim to demonstrate the preoperative and intraoperative factors that may lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in the early postoperative period and to determine the impact of the time between PBUC and SULL on the incidence of SIRS.