Sensitivity and subgroup analyses
App-based treatment remained cost-effective when assessed with fewer app
users, extra developmental and higher maintenance costs (Supplemental
table S6). Sensitivity analysis using the mean costs at 4 and 12 months’
follow-up revealed comparable results, demonstrating the robustness of
the cost calculation.
Subgroup analysis revealed differences in effects and costs by UI type
and recruitment type (Supplemental table S7). App-based treatment for
urgency UI resulted in higher IIALYs gained (0.74) compared with
care-as-usual (0.60). The costs for UI-specific treatment were also
approximately \euro60 higher for urgency UI compared with stress UI
mainly due to the cost of incontinence material. Subgroup analysis by
recruitment type showed that, for care-as-usual, the group recruited
through (social) media had lower costs (\euro131) and a lower
treatment effect (IIALY 0.64) than the group recruited by a GP
(\euro235, IIALY 0.68). These cost differences were mainly based on
lower use of physical therapy (\euro56 versus \euro122) and other
treatments (e.g. pessary or tension-free vaginal tape) (\euro2 versus