1. |
Morris et al. [6] |
2015 |
RCT |
Assessed circadian disruption
impact in shift worker |
Circadian disruption induces a surge in blood
pressure and inflammatory biomarkers, associated with increased risks of
cardiovascular diseases |
2. |
Barger et al. [7] |
2017 |
RCT |
Shift work, sleep apnea, and
sleep duration are each an independent cardiovascular diseases risk
factor |
Lesser sleep duration (<6 hours) heightened the risk
of cardiovascular events compared to longer ones. Obstructive sleep
apnea (OSA) increases the risk of cardiovascular events to 12% than
compared to without OSA. Overnight shift workers possessed a greater
risk of cardiovascular events than daytime workers. Each one is a
predictor of prognosis and serious events in ACS |
3. |
Jarrin et al. [8] |
2018 |
RCT |
Evaluated the role of shift
work and sleep abnormalities on heart failure development due to
parasympathetic control damage |
Insomnia with insufficient sleep
duration had decreased activity in the parasympathetic system than
insomnia with sufficient sleep duration. An increased occurrence between
parasympathetic and sympathetic imbalance was also observed. Insomnia
treatment may decrease the risk of cardiovascular
diseases |
4. |
Dutheil et al. [9] |
2017 |
RCT |
Contrasted the cardiac
stress in Emergency Physicians during 14-hours shift as opposed to the
24-hour shift |
Compared to regular days shift, cardiac stress on night
shift was found to double. Recurring incidents of tachycardia occurred
throughout shifts with heart rate till 180 beats per minute (bpm). In a
24-hour shift, tachycardia of more than 100 bpm was found more in a
lengthier continuance. Pressing stressors, such as emergencies, rose
tachycardia duration and occurrences. Stressful conditions provoked more
tachycardia, having beats measured at >100, 110, or 120
bpm |
5. |
Kanno et al. [10] |
2016 |
RCT |
Reviewed insomnia’s effect on
heart failure |
The rate of severe cardiovascular events was
significantly higher in insomniac individuals than in normal ones. The
insomnia population was observed to have high Aldosterone and Renin
activity and concentration. Heart failure with insomnia potently
stimulated the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; making insomnia
able to predict severe cardiovascular events
independently |
6. |
McGrath et al. [11] |
2017 |
RCT |
Determined the role of risk
factor education compared to sleep intervention therapy to reduce blood
pressure level |
The population with sleep intervention exhibited
positive changes in the quality of sleep. Website-based sleep
intervention also exhibited positive changes in psychosocial health, but
did not affect the blood pressure |
7. |
Gheili et al. [12] |
2018 |
RCT |
Contrasted the role of
Oxazepam and Melatonin insomnia management of post-PCI patients |
Compared to Oxazepam, Melatonin was discovered to enhance sleep quality
more. Melatonin also ameliorates anxiety episodes and other risk factors
better than Oxazepam in STEMI patients |
8. |
Carroll et al. [13] |
2015 |
RCT |
Revealed the comparative
efficacy of TCC, CBT, and SS to decrease the multisystem biomarkers of
disease risk in insomnia |
Individuals imposing great risk of
cardiovascular diseases decreased the risk by improving their sleep. The
plausibility to remain in the high-risk population declined at 16
months. In older adults, the risk of chronic diseases can be lessened by
increasing sleep quality; sleep quality ameliorates inflammatory,
metabolic, and cardiovascular biomarkers |