Introduction
Hematometrocolpos is defined as the accumulation of blood or menstrual
fluid in the uterus and vagina due to obstruction. While obstruction can
be caused by various pathologies in adulthood, such as malignancies or
adhesions
secondary to infection or surgical procedures, the most common cause in
childhood and adolescence is congenital anomalies, such as imperforate
hymen or a transverse vaginal septum.1 Occasionally,
the accumulation of fluid in the uterine cavity begins in fetal life and
can be identified prenatally. Fetal hematometrocolpos is a rare finding
with a reported incidence of 1 in 16,000 female
births.2
Timely diagnosis before delivery is crucial as it enables clinicians to
formulate an appropriate management plan for the newborn, avoiding
unnecessary investigations and enabling surgical intervention within the
first few days of life. This is advantageous for early resolution of the
lesion and significantly reduces the chances of complications resulting
from delayed diagnosis and treatment.
Here we present a case of fetal hematometrocolpos diagnosed and followed
up exclusively by prenatal and postnatal ultrasound scans allowing for
effective immediate postnatal surgical treatment, evidenced by full
resolution by three months of age.