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\begin{document}

\title{Anthropogenic aerosols offsetting ocean warming less efficiently since
the 1980s}



\author[1]{Taimoor Sohail}%
\author[2]{Damien  Brent Irving}%
\author[1]{Jan David Zika}%
\author[3]{Jonathan M. Gregory}%
\affil[1]{University of New South Wales}%
\affil[2]{Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation}%
\affil[3]{University of Reading}%


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  \date{May 15, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Greenhouse gases and aerosols play a major role in controlling global
climate change. Greenhouse gases drive a radiative imbalance which warms
the ocean, while aerosols cool the ocean. Since 1980, the effective
radiation felt by the planet due to anthropogenic aerosols has levelled
off, global ocean cooling due to aerosols has decelerated, and
greenhouse gas-driven ocean warming has accelerated. We explore the
deceleration of aerosol-driven ocean cooling by quantifying a time- and
spatially-varying ocean heat uptake efficiency, defined as the change in
the rate of global ocean heat storage per degree of cooling surface
temperature. In aerosol-only simulations, ocean heat uptake efficiency
has decreased by 69\% since the 1900s. The tropics and sub-tropics have
driven this decrease, while the coldest fraction of the ocean continues
to sustain cooling and high ocean heat uptake efficiency. Our results
identify a growing trend towards less efficient ocean cooling due to
aerosols.%
\end{abstract}%



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