Lobular and mixed septal-lobular panniculitis without vasculitis
Type Etiology Pathogenesis Reference Type Etiology Pathogenesis Reference Type Etiology Pathogenesis Reference Type Etiology Pathogenesis Reference
Lupus panniculitis (lupus profundus) Autoimmune connective tissue disease Infiltration of T-lymphocytes and macrophages, type III hypersensitivity in patients with C4 deficiency, interferon-driven Th1 immune response (188)
Sclerosing panniculitis (Lipodermatosclerosis) Venous insufficiency, obesity Lymphocytic infiltration, lipomembranous changes and thickened membrane (189, 190)
Sclerema neonatorum
Hypothermia, asphyxia, dehydration
Inflammation sparse to absent, crystallization of fat due to an increased saturated : unsaturated fatty acid ratio
(191)
Neonatal subcutaneous fat necrosis Hypercalcemia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia Infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages (192)
Pancreatic panniculitis Pancreatic disorders Elevated enzyme levels (lipase, amylase and trypsin), infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages and multinucleated giant cells (193)
Infection-induced panniculitis
Infectious agents such as “bacteria, mycobacteria, coxiella, borrelia, fungi and helminths”, vascular proliferation, hemorrhage, necrosis
Neutrophilic infiltration
(194)
Traumatic panniculitis External injury such as cold in infants, injections, radiation in deep tissue, self-injection of oily materials on the male genitalia, adipocyte necrosis Infiltration of lymphocytes, neutrophils, foamy macrophages, plasma cells, eosinophils (195-197)
Factitious panniculitis Self-induction of unknown substances Unknown (198)
Subcutaneous sarcoidosis Systemic sarcoidosis Granulomatous infiltration (199)
Post-steroid panniculitis Follows rapid corticosteroid withdrawal Neutrophilic infiltration (200)
Panniculitis like T-cell lymphoma Malignancy-related panniculitis-like infiltrates Neoplastic T-cells (CD8+ cells) and macrophages infiltration (201)
Weber-Christian Disease Idiopathic nodular panniculitis Unknown