Teaching and competency
A successful meta-decision is the basis for a transparent
decision-making process and creates the decision-making
rules—essential for effective discussions and improvement.
Additionally, outcomes are easily tracked to decision processes and why
they were made. Decision-makers should be aware of the logic and
reasoning, rather than intuition and personal bias, during
decision-making, as well as how the decision would affect their work
outcome. Most importantly, a structured process would ensure learning
and make potential future updates and improvements easier. The evidence
of effectiveness is gathered to guide practice and obtain best results
and appraise failed decisions to reduce harm and improve quality.43 Individuals may be inclined to admit or notice
fewer failures than those occurring, and ignoring or concealing failure
obscures information essential to learning. 40
Although artificial intelligence can eliminate cognitive and political
biases, to date, it cannot replicate good cognitive processes to ensure
the best development and rationalization during decision-making.
Implications would be a model involving reasoning and rationality based
on a study of these processes that would provide decision-making support
to users who may lack the necessary skills and on certain occasions.
This needs to be included in the curricula of medical graduate schools
as competency for practicing healthcare professionals.