Species and subspecies account
We followed the International Ornithological Committee v. 11.1 (Gill et al., 2021), which considers 21 valid species and 21 conspecific subspecies. To model the distributions of the subspecies separately, and given the lack of more comprehensive sources, we split the occurrences based on Gill et al. (2021), and the maps from www.xeno-canto.org (Table 1).