Data analysis
Patients were grouped based on short (≤ 3 days), intermediate (4-10 days), prolonged (>10 days) time to recovery defined by achievement of clinical stability (TTS): resolution of fever < 38°C, respiratory rate < 22 breaths/min, systolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg, extubated, and return of mental status to baseline. Study groups were compared on demographic and clinical characteristics, pharmacologic management and outcomes. Descriptive analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square test where appropriate. Predictors for prompt recovery after controlling for significant variables were analyzed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism v6.07 (San Diego, CA, USA) or SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).