Figure 1 – (a) Schematic depicting cell lysis by tip sonication: (i) sonicator tip is inserted into the sonication vessel, submerging tip in liquid. (ii) Controller for specifying pulse, amplitude & duration iii) The tube sits in ice-bath for cooling iv) Input energy from controller (ii) is set as a function of signal amplitude (translates to tip power based on fluid volume and vessel), pulse durations, and total sonication time v) Thermal energy transfers to ice-bath from cell suspension domain vi) The sonicated liquid is divided into circulated zone & dead zone (b) Axis-symmetric models (right half) of common laboratory tubes: i) 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube ii) 5 mL microcentrifuge tube iii) 15 mL Falcon tube iv) 50 mL Falcon tube.