Figure 4 – a) Heat map of normalized sfGFP yield from BL21 DE3 Star cell extracts prepared at different volumes and total energies, with z-axis color bar presenting relative amounts of expression (replotted from (Kwon & Jewett, 2015)). Thick dashed lines depict temperatures (K) at these sonication conditions obtained by the finite element simulation. Thin solid lines indicate energy density values (J/mL). b) The same normalized yield data plotted in a more generalized fashion as power density vs. total energy; dashed lines again show temperatures estimated by simulation.