Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; HF, Heart failure; MI, myocardial infarction
* Adjusted for age, sex, economic status, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose level, total cholesterol, alcohol, smoking habits, as well as comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack, previous myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, liver disease, history of malignant neoplasm, and cardiovascular medications.
† Before censoring heart failure, patients with heart failure were excluded.
‡ Before censoring heart failure or myocardial infarction, patients with heart failure or myocardial infarction were excluded.