Baseline Characteristics
From January 1999 to December 2019, 173 (137 women, aged 54.87 ± 8.77 years) consecutive patients underwent RITS after previous left-sided valve surgery at our institute. Table 1 presents baseline characteristics of the 173 included patients. All the patients had previous cardiac procedures, including double valve replacement with or without concomitant TVr (n = 71), mitral valve replacement with or without concomitant TVr (n = 99), aortic valve replacement (n = 1), mitral valve replacement concomitant with aortic valve repair and TVr (n = 1), Bentall’s surgery (n = 1); 97.1% patients underwent LSVS for rheumatic heart valve disease. All patients had severe TR, and enlarged right atria and ventricles.