2.2 Soil analysis
Samples were chosen randomly and analyzed in the laboratory after passing through a 2-mm sieve and air dried. For measuring microbial characteristics and soil enzyme activity, samples were incubated at 25 ÂșC and 60% water holding capacity (WHC). Soil variables were measured using standard methods, bulk density (BD), water stable aggregate content (WSA), soil organic matter (SOM), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) (Bao, 2000). To determine the clay content, we used a Microtrac S3500 laser particle size analyzer (Microtrac Inc., USA) to obtain the volume ratio, which was converted to mass ratio using an empirical equation (Li et al., 2015). Soil pH was measured in MIlli-Q water (soil: solution ratio = 1: 2.5(w: v)). TOC/TN analyzer (Shimaduz Corp, Kyoto, Japan) used to measure soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) (extracts 1M KCL (1:10 (w: v) for 60 min)) (Jones et al., 2005). Chloroform fumigation-extraction method (48h) determined Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) (Vance et al., 1987). MBC and MBN amounts were calculated by subtraction concentration of the fumigated sample from the non-fumigated sample, and the result was multiplied by a conversion factor of 2.22 and 1.85, respectively (Brookes et al., 1985). Invertase (INV), Catalases (CAT), Phosphates (ACP), and Urease (U.R. were measured by colorimetric enzyme assay in soil suspensions (Sinsabaugha, et al, 2000; Hou Q, et al, 2020).