2.3. Other definitions
The cardiac injury was defined as an increase in high-sensitive (HS)
troponin I levels above the 99th-percentile upper reference
limit.2 Acute kidney injury
(AKI) was identified according to
the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes
definition.18Ventilator-associated pneumonia
(VAP) was defined as pneumonia occurring more than 48 h after patients
have been intubated and received mechanical ventilation. VAP was
identified using a combination of positive culture results from
respiratory specimen, clinical, laboratory, and radiological
findings.19 Acute myocardial infarction was defined
according to the fourth universal definition of myocardial
infarction,20 and cardiologist confirmation.