FIGURE LEGENDS
Figure 1 - Representation of injection sites.(A) Photomicrograph of a coronal brain section depicting
bilateral microinjection sites into the IC of a representative animal.(B) Diagrammatic representations of the bilateral
microinjection sites into the IC of LY235959 (1nmol/100nL (n = 7) - blue
circles), NBQX (1nmol/100nL (n = 7) - pink circles) and vehicle aCSF
(100nL (n = 8) - black circles).
Figure 2 - Variation of mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP) and heart
rate (ΔHR) in animals subjected to restraint stress. Time-course curves
of ΔMAP and ΔHR in animals treated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid
aCSF (100nL (n = 8); white circles), the selective NMDA receptor
antagonist LY235959 (1nmol/100nL (n = 7); black circles), or the
selective non-NMDA receptor antagonist NBQX (1nmol/100nL (n = 7); gray
circles). At time 0 the animals were submitted to restraint stress. The
circles represent the mean values ± SEM. # p < 0.05 indicates
that treatment differs from control (aCSF) after two-way ANOVA. * p
< 0.05 indicates the time when the group showed a difference
compared to the aCSF group, by the Bonferroni’s post-test of multiple
comparisons. Abbreviations: bpm - beats per minute; mmHg - millimeters
of mercury; ΔMAP - mean blood pressure delta; ΔHR – heart rate delta.
Figure 3 – Representative recordings of pulsatile arterial
pressure (PAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR).Records throughout the experiment, including the restraint stress, in
animals treated with aCSF (100nL), LY235959 (1nmol/100nL) or NBQX
(1nmol/100nL). Abbreviations: bpm - beats per minute; mmHg - millimeters
of mercury; MAP - mean blood pressure; HR – heart rate; PAP - pulsatile
blood pressure
Figure 4 - Variation of tail skin temperature (Δ tail skin
temperature) of animals subjected to restraint stress. (A and B)Time-course curve of Δ tail skin temperature in animals treated with in
animals treated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF - 100nL (n =
8); white circles), the selective NMDA receptor antagonist LY235959
(1nmol/100nL (n = 7); black circles), or the selective non-NMDA receptor
antagonist NBQX (1nmol/100nL (n = 7); gray circles). At time 0 the
animals were submitted to restraint stress. The circles represent the
mean values ± SEM. . # p < 0.05 indicates that treatment
differs from control (aCSF) after two-way ANOVA. * * p < 0.05
indicates the time when the group showed a difference compared to the
aCSF group, by the Bonferroni’s post-test of multiple comparisons.(C) Tail skin infrared digital images of representative rats
showing the tail skin temperature before, at first, 10, 20 and 30
minutes of restraint stress in animals treated intra-IC with either
saline, the selective NMDA antagonist or the NON-NMDA antagonist. All
images use the same color coding to indicate the temperature.
Figure 5 – Baroreflex activity assessed by the sequence
analysis technique. Analysis was performed during before IC treatment
(basal); after IC treatment (treatment) and during restraint stress at
periods 5-10 min (point 1) and 20-25 min (point 2) in animals treated
with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF - 100nL (n = 5); white bars),
the selective NMDA receptor antagonist LY235959 (1nmol/100nL (n = 7);
black bars) or the selective non-NMDA receptor antagonist NBQX
(1nmol/100nL (n = 5); grey bars). Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity was
assessed during increases (up sequence) and decreases (down sequence) of
SAP, as well as the average of all sequences (mean up and down
sequences). (TOP) Baroreflex effectivenness index (BEI)(BOTTOM) Baroreflex gain. The bars represent the mean values ±
SEM. * p < 0.05 indicates difference compared to the aCSF
group after two-way ANOVA.
Figure 6 - Serum corticosterone concentration in animals
subjected to restraint stress. Circulating corticosterone concentration
before during restraint (stress, 15min after restraint onset) in animals
treated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF - 100nL (n = 5); white
bars), the selective NMDA receptor antagonist LY235959 (1nmol/100nL (n =
8); black bars) or the selective non-NMDA receptor antagonist NBQX
(1nmol/100nL (n = 8); grey bars). The bars represent the mean values ±
SEM. The groups were compared using two-way ANOVA.