Restraint stress
The animals were placed in a PVC tube (15 cm long and 6.5 cm in diameter, with 1 cm holes for ventilation that made up approximately 20% of the tube surface). The restraint session lasted 30 min. After the end of the restraint session, the rats were returned to their home cages. Each animal was subjected to only one restraint session to avoid habituation (Benini, Oliveira, Gomes-de-Souza, & Crestani, 2019; Benini, Oliveira, Gomes-de-Souza, Rodrigues, & Crestani, 2020).