Results
A total of 194 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID 19 pneumonia were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups as those with and without metabolic syndrome (n = 93 and 101, respectively). The mean age of the patients was 63.5 ± 13.9 years. The mean age of patients with metabolic syndrome was higher than that of patients without metabolic syndrome (67.2 ± 12.6 vs 60.04 ± 14.2, respectively, p <0.0001). Metabolic syndrome patients had significantly higher median BMI (67.2 ± 12.6 vs 60.04 ± 14, p = 0.001) and waist circumference (in males: 103.26 ± 13.57 vs 91.75 ± 10.27 p <0.0001, in females: 101.72 ± 15.95 vs 91.19 ± 16.8 p = 0.004), non-fasting plasma glucose (166.08 ± 66.61 vs 99.63 ± 30.12 p <0.0001), triglyceride values (170.21 ± 85.91 vs 108.67 ± 37.74 p <0.0001) and lower HDL levels (in males: 28.28 ± 9.63 vs 39.65 ± 11.86 p <0.0001, in females: 34.48 ± 12.85 vs 49.17 ± 12.02 p <0.0001). In patients with metabolic syndrome, hypertension (79.6% vs 17.8% p <0.0001), diabetes mellitus (77.4% vs 8.7% p <0.0001), coronary artery disease (30.1% vs 13.9% p = 0.006), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (29% vs 16.8% p = 0.04) were more common. Patients with metabolic syndrome had lower oxygen saturation at the time of admission (88.76 ± 6.29 vs 93.66 ± 5.38 p <0.0001) and more advanced infection was seen in the lung tomography (12.3 ± 4.1 vs 7.7 ±3.4, p <0.0001). Total length of stay (12.3 ± 6.8 days vs 6.5 ± 3.5 days, p <0.0001) and clinical length of stay (7.8 ± 5.6 days vs 5.9 ± 2.4 days p = 0.003) were longer in patients with metabolic syndrome. Requirement of intensive care (45.2% vs 4.9% p <0.0001) and mortality rates (24.7% vs 0.9% p <0.0001) were higher in patients with metabolic syndrome. Table 1 shows demographics, baseline and clinical characteristics of patients with and without metabolic syndrome.
Neutrophil (5.85 ± 3.49 vs 4.81 ± 2.54 p = 0.02) and CRP levels (88.36 ± 64.84 vs 62.93 ± 68.58 p = 0.009) of patients with metabolic syndrome were higher compared to patients without metabolic syndrome at the time of admission (p <0.05). No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of other prognostic laboratory factors such as LDH, lymphocyte count, N / L ratio and D-dimer levels (p> 0.05) (Table 2).
Presence of metabolic syndrome (OR 32.86, 95% CI 4.34 to 249), age (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08), CAD (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.25 to 7.56), hypertension (OR 6.81, 95% CI 2.23 to 7.77), diabetes mellitus (OR 8.71, 95% CI 2.85 to 26.64), COPD (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.17 to 6.99), CRP (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04), radiological weight score (OR 1.28 , 95% CI 1.14 to 1.44), total length of stay (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.23), ICU length of stay (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.24), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03) transfer to ICU (OR 139.92, 95% CI 18.05 to 1884.83) were significantly associated with increased mortality (p <0.05) (Table 3).